BYU professor Byron J. Adams received a 3-year grant from the National Science Foundation to continue his study of microscopic organisms in soil from retreating glaciers.
Adams has visited Antarctica occasionally since 2001 when a professional colleague offered him a place on a research team traveling to the southernmost continent.
With Adams' upcoming trip to Antarctica lasting from October to March, he reports that scientists must work around the clock to perform as many experiments as they can.
“Our goal is to work hard until sundown,” Adams joked. According to Adams, the sun does not set in the McMurdo Dry Valleys from mid-October to mid-February.
Adams said this grant will go towards his research on soil chemistry, bacteria and fungi. However, he is visiting Antarctica this year with a group of students to work on a different project that focuses on nematodes. Nematodes are microorganisms found in the antarctic soil, including soils that were previously covered by a thick sheet of glacial ice. The soil underneath the ice has been isolated for as much as 18,000 years, leaving it almost completely void of life.
BYU PhD biology student Abigail Borgmeier expressed her enthusiasm to travel to Antarctica for the first time this December. She recently started meetings with Adams and her fellow BYU student travelers Abigail Jackson and Jesse Jorna to prepare for their trip. They will fly to San Francisco, then to Christchurch, New Zealand and collect their extreme cold weather gear. Finally, they will fly to McMurdo Station on Ross Island, Antarctica and set up their camp.
BYU PhD biology candidate Jorna has been studying how different nematodes interact with one another.
Jackson, a BYU master’s student in biology, is focused on DNA instead of microorganism interaction. When describing her research she said works with 'genetic sequencing to see how different from one area to another.”
“Mother Nature has done this awesome experiment and created this place on earth,' Adams said describing his visits to the icy desert. 'It’s a real functioning ecosystem.” However, he added that this ecosystem is being threatened with rising temperatures and changes in climate. These populations of microscopic organisms are forced to adapt to shifting conditions, teaching scientists more about how organisms operate with one another.
Borgmeier said he believes that by having long-term studies that respond to the removal of stability here, it allows them to see how other places can change over time in response to climate change. Only time will tell if these experiments and studies will give them the answers they need to understand adaptation on a microscopic scale.